Can Humans and Elephants Coexist? A Review of the Conflict on Sumatra Island, Indonesia

The high rate of deforestation and fragmentation elephant habitat on Sumatra Island has triggered human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Island, Indonesia. This brings negative impacts humans elephants. Despite numerous efforts having been made to solve this problem, the HEC continues occur remaining enclave every year. harmonious coexistence between elephants could be improved through mitigation programs. aim paper was review information investigate causes implications HEC, existing methods, formulate strategies improve best create successful human are strengthening institutions policies, restoring habitat, developing wildlife corridors, establishing Essential Ecosystem Areas (EEA), community empowerment ecotourism, providing legal access forests Social Forestry (SF), compensation schemes for victims.